Which are the components of a logic model used in program planning?

• A. Inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes (short-term, intermediate, long-term), and impact
• B. Goals, strategies, tactics, and metrics
• C. Stakeholders, budgets, risks, and mitigation plans
• D. Problem, cause, effect, and solution

Answer: (A)

A logic model lays out a clear sequence from what a program uses to what it aims to achieve. It starts with inputs—the resources, staff, and materials available. These inputs drive activities, the actions or services delivered by the program. From those activities come outputs, the direct products or deliverables like the number of sessions held or materials distributed. The next step is outcomes, describing the changes expected in participants or systems: short-term changes in knowledge or skills, intermediate changes in behaviors or practices, and long-term changes in health or well-being. Finally, impact represents the overall, long-term effects on the target population or community. This structure is ideal for program planning because it connects resources to actions to measurable changes and to the ultimate goals. The other options describe different planning or analysis approaches—strategies and metrics fit strategic planning, budgets and risks fit project management, and problem/cause/effect/solution aligns with problem analysis rather than the logical sequence of a program.