Elsevier Community Health I & II Practice Test

Observational learning and self-efficacy explain how people learn in social contexts and decide to act. In Social Cognitive Theory, individuals can pick up new behaviors by watching others perform them and see the outcomes, especially when the model is relatable or respected. This modeling helps learners picture themselves doing the behavior. Self-efficacy—the belief that one can successfully perform the behavior—drives whether they attempt it, stay with it through challenges, and bounce back after setbacks. In community health education, showing peers demonstrating healthy practices and providing opportunities to practice and build confidence makes it more likely people will adopt and maintain those behaviors. The other options come from different theories: Maslow’s hierarchy focuses on needs; locus of control is about where control resides; the Health Belief Model centers on perceived risk and benefits. So, observational learning together with self-efficacy best reflects the key SCT concepts for community health education.