Name a community-level risk factor and its corresponding intervention.

• A. Low income/poor housing — prenatal care access
• B. Smoking — nutrition programs
• C. Inadequate nutrition — counseling and cessation
• D. Lack of exercise — prenatal vitamins

Answer: (A)

Low income and poor housing are classic community-level risk factors because they shape access to resources, stability, and the ability to receive care. When these conditions exist, improving access to prenatal care helps counteract the barriers created by the living environment—making prenatal visits affordable, available, and reachable through outreach, transportation support, and coordinated services. This kind of intervention targets structural factors that influence health outcomes, rather than relying on individuals to change behavior on their own.

The other pairings focus on addressing individual behaviors or needs rather than the broader access and systemic barriers tied to socioeconomic conditions, so they don’t align as well with a community-level risk and its best-fitting intervention.