Which item is NOT one of the public health elements defined by the Intervention Wheel?

• A. Outreach
• B. Advocacy
• C. Consultation
• D. Community Health Nursing

Answer: (D)

The key idea is that the Intervention Wheel lists specific actions public health nurses use to improve population health, not the broader roles or titles of nurses. Outreach, advocacy, and consultation are all concrete interventions described in the Wheel: outreach involves actively identifying and connecting with those in need to bring services to them; advocacy means shaping policies, resources, and environments to support health; consultation is about giving expert guidance to individuals, groups, or organizations to promote better health outcomes. Community Health Nursing, on the other hand, describes the practice of nursing focused on communities and the application of these interventions, rather than being an intervention itself. So it isn’t one of the public health elements defined by the Wheel.