Which construct is a core element of the Health Belief Model?

• A. Observational learning
• B. Perceived susceptibility
• C. Self-efficacy
• D. Cues to action

Answer: (B)

In the Health Belief Model, how risky a person believes they are plays a central role in whether they decide to take preventive action. Perceived susceptibility is the belief about one’s chances of getting a condition, and this sense of personal risk sets the stage for considering any protective steps. If someone feels they are at high risk, they’re more likely to weigh benefits versus barriers and respond to cues to action, especially when they also believe the consequences would be serious and that taking action is feasible. While other constructs like cues to action and self-efficacy influence whether action is carried out, perceiving personal risk is the initial motivator that pushes someone to think about changing behavior. Observational learning isn’t part of the Health Belief Model, which further emphasizes risk perception as a core driver of action.